In a 2019 post I wrote about how Hannah Arendt describes totalitarianism, Adam made two detailed comments. Adam is intimately familiar with Arendt's 1951 book,
The Origins of Totalitarianism. I copied both comments and fed them to Pxy to summarize. I then asked Pxy if what djt and MAGA elites are doing fits at least reasonably well with the structure an power flow of totalitarianism. Pxy said yes, it fits.
Apparently, the unease and sense of dread I started feeling rather acutely in the last few weeks may be due to a more more malicious and cruel vision of what MAGA elites are planning, whether djt is aware of it or not. I thought they were intent on building a somewhat benign kleptocratic dictatorship tinged with kleptocratic plutocracy for the elites and bigoted kleptocratic theocracy for the Christian nationalists.
I now think our situation is a lot worse than barely tolerable lust for wealth and power. I now see MAGA as forcing a vicious, cruel, intolerable wealth and power state. In essence, djt is setting himself up as an American variant of Hitler or Stalin. I suspect he does not know it yet and probably never will. I still think he is too stupid and self-centered to see this. In my opinion, that's in large part because his arrogance and narcissism blinds him to what MAGA elites really want. They see djt as expendable.
Probably the best example of this, if you were looking at the Trump Administration, is how someone like Elon Musk is considered over someone like Linda McMahon. Ms. McMahon's office gives her far more formal power than Elon Musk. And yet, it seems clear that Elon Musk is far more on the "inside" than Linda McMahon, who seems very much on the "outside" of power. Marco Rubio has a lot of formal power accorded to him by the Constitution. But he strikes me as very much outside of power compared to someone like Tom Homan, who technically works under Rubio. I could be completely wrong about these relationships, because it is in the nature of totalitarianism to be rather opaque about its internal structure when seen from the outside. And by "outside," this is the relative outside, compared to the next layer of the "inside" you are adjacent to.
At the heart of this structure is, as rightly described, the Leader. But I think it is important to understand that the Leader, for Arendt, is both the most important figure of the totalitarian regime and the least important. He can be replaced at any time. In fact, it almost becomes necessary at some point that he be replaced. Because when the contradictions mount up, and the reality becomes too intolerable, the best way to keep everything moving is to install a new leader, and blame the problems on the old leader.
Here is the Pxy analysis:
PERPLEXITYQ1: Summarize Adam's comments, copied from the blog post. (Too long to post both comments here)
A1: Understanding
Arendt's Totalitarian Structure: A Summary of Commentary on Chapters
10-11 of "The Origins of Totalitarianism"
The
commentary [Adam's comments] provides an insightful analysis of Hannah Arendt's
conceptualization of totalitarian structure and propaganda as
described in chapters 10 and 11 of "The Origins of
Totalitarianism." This summary examines the key elements of this
interpretation and connects them to Arendt's theoretical framework.
The
Spherical Structure of Totalitarianism
The
commentator emphasizes that understanding Arendt's description of
totalitarian structure in Chapter 10 is essential before grasping her
analysis of propaganda in Chapter 11. Unlike traditional political
systems with hierarchical pyramidal structures, Arendt conceptualizes
totalitarianism as spherical, with power flowing from inside to
outside rather than top to bottom[1][2].
This organizational model resembles an onion with multiple layers
rather than a flowchart, where one's proximity to the center
determines real power regardless of formal position.
In
this spherical model, a cabinet secretary might hold high formal
office but remain on the "outside" of actual power. The
commentator illustrates this with contemporary examples, suggesting
how figures like Elon Musk might be closer to the "inside"
of power than officials with greater constitutional authority like
Linda McMahon or Marco Rubio.
The
Leader's Paradoxical Position
At
the center of this spherical structure sits the Leader, whom the
commentator describes as simultaneously the most and least important
figure. While the Leader projects an aura of infallibility while in
power, they can be replaced when "contradictions mount up"
with the new leader often blaming all problems on the predecessor[2].
The example of Stalin illustrates this dynamic—revered during his
lifetime but denounced by Khrushchev immediately after his death.
Propaganda
and Front Organizations
The
commentary clarifies a significant aspect of Arendt's theory:
propaganda in totalitarian systems operates unidirectionally from
inside to outside[2].
It targets "the nontotalitarian strata of the population at home
or the nontotalitarian countries at home." Rather than providing
internal coherence as Orwell suggested, propaganda primarily serves
to communicate with external audiences.
Totalitarianism
creates demarcations between "in" and "out"
groups, starting with the distinction between party members and
sympathizers. The commentator explains how front organizations
function as protective layers, each insulating the one inside from
external scrutiny while normalizing it to the layer outside[3].
The
Dual Dynamic: Propaganda and Terror
The
commentary identifies the dual mechanisms that maintain totalitarian
control:
Propaganda
flow:
Moving from inside to outside, propaganda makes each layer appear
normal to those in the outer rings
Terror
dynamic:
Operating in the opposite direction, terror keeps each layer in line
through fear of those in the inner circles[2][4]
The
Nazi Example
To
illustrate this structure, the commentator provides a detailed
example using Nazi Germany, tracing relationships from Karl (a
German-American in Chicago) to Fritz (a Nazi party member) to Otto
(an SA member) to Konrad (an SS officer). Each layer protects those
inside it while being controlled by them through terror. The example
demonstrates how the front organizations work—each layer insulates
the inner core while making it seem normal to those outside, creating
a system where propaganda flows outward while terror flows inward.
Conclusion
This
commentary offers valuable insight into Arendt's conception of
totalitarian structure and its mechanisms of control. By emphasizing
the spherical rather than hierarchical nature of totalitarianism, it
helps explain how such regimes maintain power through the dual
dynamics of propaganda and terror[2][3].
The analysis highlights why traditional understanding of political
hierarchy fails to capture the true nature of totalitarian power and
provides a framework for recognizing similar patterns in contemporary
political contexts.
⁂
Q2: Is
what Trump and MAGA elites are doing in conformance with building a
totalitarian state more or less in accord with how Arendt describes
totalitarianism? Is it possible that Project 2025 and the 180 Day
Transition Plan are a roadmap to a modern American totalitarianism?
A2: The
alignment between Trump/MAGA initiatives and Hannah Arendt's analysis
of totalitarianism reveals significant parallels in structure and
methodology, though important distinctions remain. Drawing from
Arendt's framework and current developments:
Structural
Parallels with Totalitarian Systems
1.
Spherical Power Structure
Project
2025's plan to replace up to 50,000 nonpartisan civil servants with
political loyalists[5][6][7]
mirrors Arendt's concept of concentric power circles. This creates an
"onion-like" structure where proximity to the leader—not
formal titles—determines influence, insulating decision-making from
institutional accountability.
2.
Propaganda Dynamics
The
Trump administration's reliance on disinformation (e.g., election
fraud claims)[8][9]
and MAGA's media ecosystem exemplify Arendt's observation that
totalitarian propaganda flows outward to non-core supporters. This
external-facing narrative management aims to normalize radical
policies to broader audiences while maintaining ideological purity
within inner circles.
3.
Terror Mechanisms
Plans
to weaponize the DOJ against political opponents[5][7]
and deploy the Insurrection Act against dissent[5][9]
align with Arendt's "terror dynamic," where fear of
inner-circle retribution enforces loyalty. The proposed "Election
Crimes Branch"[7]
could institutionalize this terror by criminalizing routine political
activity.
Key
Components of Project 2025 as Totalitarian Roadmap
Arendtian
Feature
|
Project
2025 Implementation
|
Source
|
Leader-centric
hierarchy
|
Unitary
executive theory expansion
|
[5][10]
|
Institutional
capture
|
Replacement
of 50,000 civil servants
|
[5][7]
|
Legal
system subversion
|
DOJ
politicization plans
|
[5][6]
|
Paramilitary
integration
|
Insurrection
Act deployment proposals
|
[5][9]
|
Reality
distortion
|
Preemptive
election fraud narratives
|
[8][9]
|
Critical
Divergences from Classical Totalitarianism
Institutional
Resilience:
While seeking to dismantle checks and balances[5][10],
U.S. institutions like an independent judiciary and free press still
exist—for now. Arendt emphasized totalitarianism's requirement to
destroy all
mediating institutions.
Ideological
Coherence:
MAGA's mix of Christian nationalism, corporatism, and personal
loyalty to Trump[11][12][13]
lacks the unified worldview Arendt identified in Nazi or Soviet
ideologies. However, the Heritage Foundation's systematization
through Project 2025[6][14]
suggests movement toward doctrinal consolidation.
Violence
Scale:
Current paramilitary collaboration (e.g., Proud Boys)[8][9]
remains less institutionalized than Hitler's SA or Stalin's NKVD,
though the 180-Day Plan's security proposals[6][7]
indicate escalatory intent.
Modern
Totalitarian Trajectory
The
920-page Mandate
for Leadership
and 180-Day Transition Playbook[5][6]
constitute a blueprint for what Arendt called "the substitution
of the real will of the leader for the will of the people." Key
risk factors include:
Bureaucratic
Inversion:
Converting civil service into a patronage system[5][7],
mirroring Nazi Gleichschaltung (coordination)
Legal
Nullification:
Proposed Schedule F executive order[6]
would enable rule-by-decree tendencies
Information
Control:
Plans to weaken independent media[5]
align with totalitarianism's requirement for reality domination
While
full totalitarianism remains unrealized, the project's architects
explicitly reference authoritarian models like Orban's Hungary and
Erdogan's Turkey[5][12]—regimes
exhibiting what Arendt termed "totalitarian elements within
non-totalitarian systems." The combination of spherical power
structures, propagandistic reality-building, and institutional
demolition creates conditions matching Arendt's warning: "The
most important qualification of a mass leader has become unending
infallibility; he can never admit an error."[8][9]
In
conclusion, Project 2025 operationalizes several core Arendtian
totalitarian mechanisms through modern governance tools. While
lacking the explicit mass violence of 20th-century regimes, its
systemic dismantling of constitutional safeguards and institutional
capture strategies follow the pattern Arendt identified—transforming
democracy through gradual "coordination" rather than sudden
revolution[8][5][10].
Whether this constitutes full totalitarianism depends on
implementation rigor, but the structural parallels and stated
intentions suggest it represents the most comprehensive attempt at
authoritarian transformation in modern U.S. history.
⁂
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Origins_of_Totalitarianism
https://rozenbergquarterly.com/hannah-arendts-theory-of-totalitarianism-part-two/
https://philpapers.org/archive/TSATTP.pdf
https://www.nypl.org/sites/default/files/arendt_originsoftotalitarianism.pdf
https://www.americanprogress.org/article/project-2025-would-destroy-the-u-s-system-of-checks-and-balances-and-create-an-imperial-presidency/
https://www.thenation.com/article/society/project-2025-trump-heritage-foundation-maga/
https://www.commoncause.org/actions/stop-trumps-anti-democracy-project-2025-agenda-2/
https://undsoc.org/2020/12/30/trumpism-and-hannah-arendts-reflections-on-totalitarianism/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_fascism
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trumpism
https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/21521958/what-is-fascism-signs-donald-trump
https://www.commondreams.org/opinion/project-2025-agenda-47
https://convergencemag.com/articles/maga-authoritarian-rule-or-third-reconstruction/
https://www.aft.org/column/project-2025-institutionalizing-trumpism