Mental gymnastics: Comparing modern people to historical figures

In writing a response to a complex set of comments this morning, a mini-epiphany hit like a ½ ton of bricks, assuming it isn't some kind of self-delusion. "Reputable" comparisons I recall between historical figures and modern day people always or almost always include comparison-weakening caveats that go something like this:

It's important to note that these are controversial comparisons made by critics. Supporters of the criticized modern person would strongly reject any parallels to bad, e.g., Nazi or fascist, historical figures or policies, e.g., genocide, mass murder, etc. The situations are very different historically and contextually.

There it is -- very different historically, contextually and controversially. You can't reliably compare a modern monster to a historical monster because history, context and/or controversy. All monsters have to be monstrous in the same ways, with the same quantity and degree of damage or evil and little or no controversy? Right? 

Hm. Maybe not right. In my opinion, that deflects from a factor that is at least as important. Is there something else that is fundamental and informative in addition to history, context and controversy? From what I can tell, at least some controversy always attaches when bad people are accused of doing bad things, e.g., DJT says he is not a crook and liar. They all deny their badness, or justify it as not bad because it's necessary, or even morally right on its own.

Is that caveated "reasoning" always mostly true or incomplete and thus often misleading? Consider this tussle I had with Perplexity this morning, where I asked about a comparison between (i) Heinrich Himmler, head of the Nazi SS and the mass-murdering inventor of the Nazi holocaust, and (ii)  callous, modern day MAGA freak Steven Miller, inventor of less ghastly things. Here is a follow-up question to what struck me as an unsatisfactory initial analysis[1] that Perplexity made in its comparison of Himmler with Miller, which I did not ask for but got anyway:

Follow-up Q: In your answer comparing Miller to Himmler, you say that "the situations are also very different historically and contextually", but doesn't a better, reasonable comparison include consideration of their callousness and authoritarian mindset [as much or more] than history and context?

A: You raise an important point about comparing historical figures based on their personal characteristics and mindsets rather than just historical context. When examining the similarities between Stephen Miller and Heinrich Himmler, there are indeed some concerning parallels in their authoritarian tendencies and apparent lack of empathy [apparent lack of empathy??, how about obvious lack]:

Both Miller and Himmler have demonstrated a willingness to propose and implement harsh policies targeting vulnerable groups. Miller has been a key architect of restrictive immigration policies, including family separations at the border. Himmler, of course, was instrumental in carrying out the Holocaust and other Nazi atrocities.

They share an apparent callousness toward human suffering resulting from their policies. Miller has shown little concern for the welfare of immigrants and refugees affected by his proposals. Himmler was notoriously ruthless in pursuing Nazi racial ideology.

Both exhibit authoritarian mindsets, favoring centralized power and control. Miller advocates for expanded executive authority on immigration, while Himmler helped build the Nazi police state.

They demonstrate an "us vs. them" mentality, portraying certain groups as threats to be controlled or removed [a common authoritarian justification for bad to horrendous behavior]. Miller focuses on immigrants, while Himmler targeted Jews and other Nazi-defined "undesirables".

Both rose to positions of significant influence at relatively young ages by aligning themselves with authoritarian leaders (Trump for Miller, Hitler for Himmler).

Q: Here's the mental gymnastics question of the day, what is more important in making comparisons between different people in politics or history, alive and/or dead?:

1. Context, history and policy or behavior differences

2. Mental similarities, including considering degree of extremism, and degree of  authoritarianism, i.e., likely intended behavior in view of constraints by relevant context, e.g., level of personal and political power, and degree of public, political and/or institutional support and opposition, social context

3. Both carry about the same degree of importance, both are necessary to reasonable, less misleading comparisons

Footnote:

1. My initial, pre-epiphany question asked for a photo comparison of Himmler and Miller, who I thought looked a lot alike. The Perplexity "history and context" response knocked me off that thought because it prompted my mini-epiphany. But, Perplexity did cough up a photo of chief Nazi propagandist Joseph Goebbels, who Perplexity apparently "decided" offered a better physical comparison:

One is Goebbels, the other Miller --

can you guess which is which?

Himmler ...................................................... Miller              .

Bonus mental gymnastic questions:

Q: For what it is worth, if anything at all, what is the closer (1) facial comparison, and (2) policy comparison with Miller, Goebbels or Himmler?

Q: Is Germaine off his rocker?

Update on drone warfare

An important opinion (not paywalled) by Raj M. Shah (managing partner of Shield Capital) and Christopher Kirchhoff (helped build the Pentagon’s Defense Innovation Unit) the NYT published comments on the sloth-speed of innovation by America's bloated, arrogant, deceitful military:

A.I. Is Changing War. We Are Not Ready.

In the opening battle of the First Matabele War, fought between 1893 and 1894, roughly 700 soldiers, paramilitaries and African auxiliaries aligned with the British South Africa Company used five Maxim guns — the world’s first fully automatic weapon — to help repel over 5,000 Ndebele warriors, some 1,500 of whom were killed at a cost of only a handful of British soldiers. .... initial accounts of its singular effectiveness correctly foretold the end of the cavalry, a critical piece of combat arms since the Iron Age.

We stand at the precipice of an even more consequential revolution in military affairs today. A new wave of war is bearing down on us. Artificial-intelligence-powered autonomous weapons systems are going global. And the U.S. military is not ready for it

 

Weeks ago, the world experienced another Maxim gun moment: The Ukrainian military evacuated U.S.-provided M1A1 Abrams battle tanks from the front lines after many of them were reportedly destroyed by Russian kamikaze drones. The withdrawal of one of the world’s most advanced battle tanks in an A.I.-powered drone war foretells the end of a century of manned mechanized warfare as we know it.

Techno-skeptics who argue against the use of A.I. in warfare are oblivious to the reality that autonomous systems are already everywhere — and the technology is increasingly being deployed to these systems’ benefit. Hezbollah’s alleged use of explosive-laden drones has displaced at least 60,000 Israelis south of the Lebanon border. Houthi rebels are using remotely controlled sea drones to threaten the 12 percent of global shipping value that passes through the Red Sea, including the supertanker Sounion, now abandoned, adrift and aflame, with four times as much oil as was carried by the Exxon Valdez. And in the attacks of Oct. 7, Hamas used quadcopter drones — which probably used some A.I. capabilities — to disable Israeli surveillance towers along the Gaza border wall, allowing at least 1,500 fighters to pour over a modern-day Maginot line and murder over 1,000 Israelis ....

Yet as this is happening, the Pentagon still overwhelmingly spends its dollars on legacy weapons systems. It continues to rely on an outmoded and costly technical production system to buy tanks, ships and aircraft carriers that new generations of weapons — autonomous and hypersonic — can demonstrably kill.

Take for example the F-35, the apex predator of the sky. The fifth-generation stealth fighter is known as a “flying computer” for its ability to fuse sensor data with advanced weapons.

Yet this $2 trillion program has fielded fighter airplanes with less processing power than many smartphones. It’s the result of a technology production system bespoke to the military and separate from the consumer technology ecosystem. The F-35 design was largely frozen in 2001, the year the Pentagon awarded its contract to Lockheed Martin. By the time the first F-35 was rolling down the runway, technology’s state of the art had already flown far past it. This year, the iPhone 16 arrives. Today, the F-35 is slowly progressing through its third technology upgrade with newer, but far from state-of-the-art, processors. The core issue is that this slow hardware refresh cycle prevents the F-35 from fully taking advantage of the accelerating advancements in A.I.

China, of course, doesn’t need a Defense Innovation Unit; Xi Jinping and his predecessor, Hu Jintao, mandated that civilian technology be available to the People’s Liberation Army. This top-down, state-run economy is chasing quantum computers, nuclear-capable hypersonic weapons, and lofting into orbit its own 13,000-satellite equivalent to Starlink.

This is the civilizational race we’re in.

The way to win against both China and low-cost weapons in Ukraine and the Mideast is to unleash our market-based system so that scrappy, fast-moving product companies and the venture funds that back them revitalize our military’s technology pipeline. .... The question now is whether we can achieve this transformation in time to deter the next great power war and prevail in the more contained conflicts that threaten to envelop the U.S. and our allies.

“The history of failure in war can almost be summed up in two words: Too late,” Douglas MacArthur declared hauntingly in 1940. Eighty-four years later, on the eve of tensions not unlike what preceded prior great power conflict, we would do well to heed MacArthur’s warning.

There seems to be some truth in this. I'm not sure how big a deal a nuclear-capable hypersonic weapon would be, since regular-sonic nuclear weapons can do the job just fine. But the author's point about a major threat from swarms of AI drones rings true. I've posted about weaponized drones the US military is developing several times. From what limited information I looked at, the US military is trying to convert to drones. 

What I do not know is whether the US effort is too little and too slow as the authors warn. From what I can tell, there is little chance of international treaties to limit mechanized drone weapon development and deployment. The US military strongly opposes that. So, like it or not, drone warfare probably will largely replace regular weapons of war. Probably sooner than later. Who knows, maybe swarms of AI-driven drones can be produced and used to intercept nuclear tipped ICBMs. 

I do not know how this will play out. To me, this has a bad feel to it. That's just me and my early warning system (brain-mind) going off. It has not always been wrong. Is there a weapons engineer in the house? Grumble, grumble . . . . . .

Hand-held US anti-drone weapons in development use shotgun type pellets, 

nets, lasers, microwaves or rifle-mounted RF and/or GPS jammers 

Detecting animal self-awareness; Global warming warning ≠ weather; Some headlines

A fascinating research paper in Nature published another bit of data suggesting that at least some animals have some degree of self-awareness. Self-awareness refers to the capacity to focus on oneself and identify one’s own existence. This paper correlates self-awareness of body size with aggression behavior. This data is based on teaching cleaner fish self-awareness using a mirror. Cleaner fish clean (eat) dead skin and parasites off the skin and other surfaces of bigger animals who intentionally stop by for occasional cleanings. The Nature abstract says: 

Abstract

Animals exhibiting mirror self-recognition (MSR) are considered self-aware; however, studies on their level of self-awareness remain inconclusive. Recent research has indicated the potential for cleaner fish (Labroides dimidiatus) to possess a sophisticated level of private self-awareness. However, as this study revealed only an aspect of private self-awareness, further investigation into other elements is essential to substantiate this hypothesis. Here, we show that cleaner fish, having attained MSR, construct a mental image of their bodies by investigating their ability to recall body size. A size-based hierarchy governs the outcomes of their confrontations. The mirror-naïve fish behaved aggressively when presented with photographs of two unfamiliar conspecifics that were 10% larger and 10% smaller than their body sizes. After passing the MSR test, they refrained from aggression toward the larger photographs but still behaved aggressively toward the smaller ones without re-examining their mirror images. These findings suggest that cleaner fish accurately recognize their body size based on mental images of their bodies formed through MSR. Additionally, mirror-experienced fish frequently revisited the mirror when presented with an intimidating larger photograph, implying the potential use of mirrors for assessing body size. Our study established cleaner fish as the first non-human animal to be demonstrated to possess private self-awareness.

As usual, the normal caveat applies to all or nearly all new research findings: further investigation into other elements is essential to substantiate this hypothesis. 

Two points I submit for your consideration:

• This exemplifies how science struggles with the study of consciousness and mind generally. Using mirrors to look for signs of self awareness. Scientists have been using mirrors to look for signs of self-awareness in animals for over 50 years. The mirror test, also known as the mirror self-recognition (MSR) test, was developed by psychologist Gordon G. Gallup Jr. in 1970. 

• Studying consciousness, free will, and other aspects of the mind is challenging for science. Consciousness and subjective experiences are inherently first-person phenomena that cannot be directly observed or measured by third-party scientists. This creates difficulties in obtaining objective data. Studying consciousness involves using consciousness to examine itself, which can lead to circular reasoning and logical paradoxes. There is still no scientific explanation for how subjective, qualitative experiences arise from physical brain processes. Bridging this explanatory gap remains a major challenge.

1-minute cleaner fish video

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We probably all suspect something like this, but it's worth mentioning. Mother Jones reports:

If Trump Wins in November, Life on Earth 

Is Likely to Get Far, Far Worse

The consequences of this election could extend for millennia

Here is the biggest thing happening on our planet as we head into the autumn of 2024: The Earth is continuing to heat dramatically. Scientists have said that there’s a better than 90 percent chance that this year will top 2023 as the warmest ever recorded. And paleoclimatologists were pretty sure last year was the hottest in the last 125,000 years. The result is an almost-clichéd run of disasters: Open Twitter/X anytime for pictures of floods pushing cars through streets somewhere. It is starting to make life on this planet very difficult, and in some places impossible. And it’s on target to get far, far worse.

Here’s the second-biggest thing happening on our planet right now: Finally, finally, renewable energy, mostly from the sun and wind, seems to be reaching some sort of takeoff point. By some calculations, we’re now putting up a nuclear plant’s worth of solar panels every day. In California, there are now enough solar farms and wind turbines that day after day this spring and summer they supplied more than 100 percent of the state’s electric needs for long stretches; there are now enough batteries on the grid that they become the biggest source of power after dark. In China it looks as if carbon emissions may have peaked—they’re six years ahead of schedule on the effort to build out renewables.

And here’s the third biggest thing in the months ahead: the American presidential election, which looks as if it is going down to the wire—and which may have the power to determine how high the temperature goes and how fast we turn to clean power.

Donald Trump gave an interview last week, in which he laid out his understanding of misrepresentation and lies about [my correction of the error] climate change:

You know, when I hear these poor fools talking about global warming. They don’t call it that any more, they call it climate change because you know, some parts of the planet are cooling and warming, and it didn’t work. So they finally got it right, they just call it climate change. They used to call it global warming. You know, years ago they used to call it global cooling. In the 1920s they thought the planet was going to freeze. Now they think the planet’s going to burn up. And we’re still waiting for the 12 years. You know we’re down almost to the end of the 12-year period, you understand that, where these lunatics that know nothing, they weren’t even good students at school, they didn’t even study it, they predict, they said we have 12 years to live. And people didn’t have babies because they said—it’s so crazy. But the problem isn’t the fact that the oceans in 500 years will raise a quarter of an inch, the problem is nuclear weapons. It’s nuclear warming…These poor fools talk about global warming all the time, you know the planet’s going to global warm to a point where the oceans will rise an eighth of an inch in 355 years, you know, they have no idea what’s going to happen. It’s weather.

No, global warming is not weather. It is global warming, i.e., climate change.

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Headlines:

Taylor Swift's endorsement of Harris sends more than 400,000 visitors to Vote.gov

Laura Loomer's response to Lindsey Graham urging Trump to ditch her? 'We all know you're gay' -- Loomer is a key DJT advisor and an ultra-radical right authoritarian, White nationalist, crackpot and liar

Nutty radical Laura & her nutty 

radical gay friend Lindsey

"Appalling and extremely racist": Trump's embrace of Laura Loomer is blowing up in his face: "How racist is Laura Loomer, the far-right extremist, 9/11 conspiracy theorist and trusted ally of Donald Trump? Enough to make Rep. Marjorie Taylor Greene, R-Ga., call her out as racist." -- Hm, that sounds pretty racist.

Nazi "morality": Tales from under the bowels of the crypt

Himmler

On Oct. 4, 1943, Heinrich Himmler gave a 3-hour speech to about 100 senior SS officers. Himmler was a German Nazi politician, the leader of the German SS and the main architect of the Holocaust. This short excerpt is a part (the only part?) of that speech that addressed and justified murdering Jews.

Evacuation of the Jews

I also want to speak to you here, in complete frankness, of a really grave chapter. Amongst ourselves, for once, it shall be said quite openly, but all the same we will never speak about it in public. Just as we did not hesitate on June 30, 1934,* to do our duty as we were ordered, and to stand comrades who had erred against the wall and shoot them, and we never spoke about it and we never will speak about it. It was a matter of natural tact that is alive in us, thank God, that we never talked about it amongst ourselves, that we never discussed it. Each of us shuddered and yet each of us knew clearly that the next time he would do it again if it were an order, and if it were necessary.

I am referring here to the evacuation of the Jews, the extermination of the Jewish people. This is one of the things that is easily said: "The Jewish people are going to be exterminated," that's what every Party member says, "sure, it's in our program, elimination of the Jews, extermination - it'll be done." And then they all come along, the 80 million worthy Germans, and each one has his one decent Jew. Of course, the others are swine, but this one, he is a first- rate Jew. Of all those who talk like that, not one has seen it happen, not one has had to go through with it. Most of you men know what it is like to see 100 corpses side by side, or 500 or 1,000. To have stood fast through this - and except for cases of human weakness - to have stayed decent, that has made us hard. This is an unwritten and never-to-be-written page of glory in our history, for we know how difficult it would be for us if today - under bombing raids and the hardships and deprivations of war - if we were still to have the Jews in every city as secret saboteurs, agitators, and inciters. If the Jews were still lodged in the body of the German nation, we would probably by now have reached the stage of 1916-17.

The wealth they possessed we took from them. I gave a strict order, which has been carried out by SS Obergruppenfuehrer Pohl, that this wealth will of course be turned over to the Reich in its entirety. We have taken none of it for ourselves. Individuals who have erred will be punished in accordance with the order given by me at the start, threatening that anyone who takes as much as a single Mark of this money is a dead man. A number of SS men - they are not very - many committed this offense, and they shall die. There will be no mercy. We had the moral right, we had the duty towards our people, to destroy this people that wanted to destroy us. But we do not have the right to enrich ourselves by so much as a fur, as a watch, by one Mark or a cigarette or anything else. We do not want, in the end, because we destroyed a bacillus, to be infected by this bacillus and to die. I will never stand by and watch while even a small rotten spot develops or takes hold. Wherever it may form we will together burn it away. All in all, however, we can say that we have carried out this most difficult of tasks in a spirit of love for our people. And we have suffered no harm to our inner being, our soul, our character. (emphasis added)

** The reference is to "the night of the long knives" murder of Roehm, SA leaders and other purges.

Source: Documents on the Holocaust, Selected Sources on the Destruction of the Jews of Germany and Austria, Poland and the Soviet Union, Yad Vashem, Jerusalem, 1981, Document no.161. pp. 344-345.

Q: What do you think of modern American holocaust deniers American Nazis and people who accept or normalize them, e,g., are some or all among the "fine people on both sides"?

Is it inherent in the human condition?

Himmler's speech

about the Jews 

"Fine people on both sides"