Secret shadow docket law
Context
Last February the NYT expanded its coverage of the USSC (US Supreme Court)(not paywalled), finally recognizing the stunning amount of power the court has and its shocking secrecy, and unprincipled partisanship and authoritarianism. Since Trump put 3 radical right authoritarian judges on the bench, that court has been a key source of power for Trump, the authoritarian MAGA wealth and power movement, and the rise of American kleptocracy.
Prior NYT coverage was limited to one reporter covering mostly arguments and decisions. In Feb. that was expanded “to look further at the incredible power of the nine justices and how the least transparent branch of government operates”. The new focus is on court power, ethics, and internal dynamics. That was years overdue. With some luck, this is better late than never.
The rise of MAGA partisanship and secrecy
On April 18, the NYT published an article, The Inside Story of Five Days That Remade the Supreme Court, (not paywalled), based on previously secret USSC memos from 2016. Those documents at this link, show the partisan MAGA take-over of the court and the rise of a weaponized shadow docket that allows the court to decide major cases without a full hearing or any public notice. The trigger for the takeover was lawsuits filed against the EPA over pollution regulations that pollution-for-profit business hated and wanted to get rid of. The six MAGA judges decided to use the shadow docket to gut and neuter the EPA in as much secrecy and opacity as possible.
The April 18 article on the shadow docket uses the internal 2016 memos to reconstruct how the court’s current emergency‑order practice took shape in a climate case against Obama’s Clean Power Plan, West Virginia v. EPA. In that episode, a 5–4 conservative majority blocked a major national climate rule before any lower court had ruled on its legality, doing so in a one‑paragraph order with no reasoning. Scholars and the NYT reporters see that 2016 order as the practical “birth” of the modern shadow docket. This is MAGA’s way to quietly decide high‑stakes, often partisan outcomes on an expedited basis. Those decisions come with little legal briefing and argument, limited internal discussion at the court, and no public explanation. This flimsy policy opened the door to later shadow docket decisions in later major disputes over presidential power and other national issues.
The MAGA judges at the time in 2016 (Roberts, Scalia, Kennedy, Thomas and Alito) found a way to bypass norms that required full merits briefing, oral argument, and reasoned opinions before deciding major questions of law. Chief justice Roberts was a driving force behind the creation and normalization of this stripped-down political way to decide major cases in secrecy. Roberts pushed the MAGA judges into the purely partisan step of blocking Obama’s climate plan before any lower‑court adjudication or legal arguments. Legal scholars now argue this secrecy method is routine in presidential‑power cases. Shadow docket secrecy allows the USSC to shape and create policy while leaving the public in the dark about its legal justifications. Legal scholars point out that those decisions are almost always partisan and unprincipled.
The previously secret memos include draft proposals, responses, and strategic back‑and‑forth among the justices. Those documents clearly show candid partisan political calculations. Legal scholars see these memos as archival material they assumed would remain sealed until long after the current justices had left the bench. The NYT reporting here provides an unusually detailed, contemporaneous window into how the Court moved itself onto a more aggressive, less transparent footing.
MAGA prejudges the EPA -- that’s partisan politics, not neutral judging
So, what did the memos show? They show what a person who has paid some attention to the USSC would expect. The Republican judges made clear they were going to decide against the EPA. Their minds were closed.[1] They wanted to issue a stay to block implementation or enforcement of the law, allowing pollution-for-profit to continue. According to legal scholars, that was not judging a dispute on the merits. It was partisan prejudging to get the decision that MAGA wanted. Those Republican judges completely ignored factors mitigating in favor of the EPA including no mention of (1) any climate risks, (2) public health benefits, and (3) EPA’s estimate of $55–93 billion in annual benefits by 2030. To get their partisan decision, all of that had to be ignored because it strongly favored the EPA’s position. Link 1, link 2
Footnote:
1. One legal scholar commented: What you see in those memos is they prejudged. There is no combination of legal or policy arguments that will change their mind. Their mind is inalterably closed.