Fr. WSJ 12/22/22
https://www.wsj.com/articles/presidential-vote-counting-to-get-revamp-after-trump-tried-to-reverse-2020-loss-11671687195
For the
first time in more than a century, Congress is poised to pass
legislation that would revamp the process of certifying presidential
electors, a direct response to efforts by former President Donald Trump and his supporters to overturn the 2020 election results.
The Electoral Count Reform Act has been attached to a $1.65 trillion yearlong spending package
currently moving through Congress that is expected to become law this
week. The ECRA is the result of nearly a year of bipartisan Senate
negotiations to update an 1887 law that came into focus during the
certification of the presidential results on Jan. 6, 2021.
Current law requires Congress to convene for a joint session on Jan. 6
after a presidential election to count and ratify the 538 electoral
votes certified by the 50 states and District of Columbia. The vice
president, serving as president of the Senate, has the duty to count the
votes in a joint session of Congress.
In 2021, Mr. Trump pressured then-Vice President Mike Pence to reject some electors unilaterally. Mr. Pence refused, saying such a move was beyond his power. After Mr. Trump urged his supporters to march on the Capitol in a speech on the Ellipse, a pro-Trump mob overran the Capitol,
temporarily interrupting the proceedings. After Congress reconvened,
139 House Republicans and eight Senate Republicans voted against
certifying the election results.
The
new legislation would make it clear that the vice president’s role is
merely to count the votes publicly and that he or she has no power to
alter the results. It also would significantly raise the threshold to
sustain an objection to a state’s electors to one-fifth of both
chambers, up from one House member and one senator now.
The
proposal would also provide for an expedited federal court challenge if
a state attempts to delay or tamper with election results. The bill
holds that the court decision is final and requires Congress to accept
that decision.
The
current Electoral Count Act “is a time bomb under democracy, and we
learned on Jan. 6 that its ambiguities and confusing terms are very
dangerous,” said Maine Sen. Angus King, an independent who caucuses with
Democrats.
Sen. Susan Collins
(R., Maine) credited the work of a group of 15 senators who span the
ideological spectrum in negotiating the bill. “The events of Jan. 6
clearly brought home the flaws in the law,” she said.
The Biden administration called the changes “a vital piece of legislation.”
Sen. Josh Hawley
(R., Mo.) said he opposed changes to the current law. Mr. Hawley was
the first senator to say he would object to the results of the 2020
presidential election, a move that forced lawmakers to debate and vote
to affirm the states’ tallies on Jan. 6, 2021. As Mr. Hawley entered the
Capitol ahead of the joint session that day, he was photographed
fist-pumping to cheers from the pro-Trump crowd gathered outside.
“I
think it’s fine, this is the democratic process,” Mr. Hawley said about
the current rules. “I don’t think the objection caused the riot.”
Other
lawmakers have used the process outlined in the Electoral Count Act to
object to election results in recent years. Some Democrats objected,
unsuccessfully, to certification of both of former President George W. Bush‘s wins as well as Mr. Trump’s.
In
both cases the Democratic nominee for president had already conceded
and wasn’t supportive of the objections. Mr. Trump has continued to call
for overturning the results and to claim falsely that he won the 2020
election.
The House select committee investigating the Jan. 6 attack made four criminal referrals
for Mr. Trump to the Justice Department on Monday after investigating
the lead-up and attack itself. Mr. Trump has denied wrongdoing related
to the riot. The Justice Department is currently conducting a parallel
investigation of the events.
“I
don’t care whether they change The Electoral Count Act or not, probably
better to leave it the way it is so that it can be adjusted in case of
Fraud,” Mr. Trump said in a post on Truth Social on Tuesday.Mr.
Trump has said the planned changes show that the vice president did
indeed have the power to block electors under current law. Backers say
they are trying to eliminate any loopholes that could be exploited by
future candidates, including Mr. Trump.
Among
the Electoral Count Reform Act provisions included in this week’s
spending package is a requirement that each state’s governor, unless
specified in the state’s laws or constitution, submit the slate of
electors. That would keep states from submitting false electors as
some sought to do in 2020.
It
also would prevent state legislatures from overriding the popular vote
in their states by declaring a “failed election,” except in narrowly
defined “extraordinary and catastrophic” events.
Edward
Foley, the director of Election Law at Ohio State University said the
bill’s most significant provision is making sure the courts are the
final backstop in case of false electors.
“We can look to courts as being the branch of government that is most immune from this kind of political denialism,” he said.
The version included in the spending bill is the Senate version, which had 38 co-sponsors, including both Majority Leader Chuck Schumer (D., N.Y.) and Minority Leader Mitch McConnell (R., Ky.).
In September, the House passed its own version
of the legislation, 229-203. Nine Republicans joined Democrats in
voting to pass the House bill. None of them are returning to Congress
next year.